CBS

Vitamin B6 is a co-factor for numerous different enzymes including CBS. The risk ‘T’ allele of C1080T was associated with an increased risk of cancer when dietary vitamin B6 was low ³, therefore carriers may benefit from supplementation.

The risk ‘T’ allele of C1080T was associated with an increased risk of cancer when dietary methionine intake was low ³. It is unclear how low methionine interacts with the ‘T’ allele of C1080T.

The risk ‘T’ allele of C1039+530T is associated with development defects in conjunction with low dietary folate and vitamin intake ^4–6.

There are no described effects in adults so dietary supplementation may only be required during pregnancy.

The risk ‘T’ allele of C699T is associated with an accumulation of ammonia however the level of risk this accumulation induces is unclear.

Dietary adjustment is likely unnecessary unless serum ammonia levels have been found to be elevated. However, high dose sulfur supplementation (glutathione, lipoic acid) should be avoided. Some carriers may also be sensitive to epsom salt baths and high sulfur foods, such as cruciferous vegetables, eggs and garlic.

It is unclear how the risk ‘A’ allele of G1330A impairs CBS function. Following vitamin B6 supplementation, a cofactor for CBS, CBS activity was restored and homocysteine accumulation was reduced 13.

Nattokinase is an enzyme which is extracted and purified from a Japanese food called nattō, which is made from fermented soybeans.

Nattokinase is secreted by the bacteria involved in the fermentation process and has a very strong ability to break down fibrin blood clots 14. A beneficial effect on blood pressure, and general cardiovascular health has been described 15. Therefore, supplementation may benefit those carrying the risk ‘A’ allele of G1330A who display elevated homocysteine with an increased cardiovascular risk.

Vitamin B6 is a co-factor for numerous different enzymes including CBS. It is unclear how the ‘C’ allele of T833C leads to an accumulation of homocysteine; however an excellent response was observed following vitamin B6 supplementation 13.

Nattokinase the enzyme which is purified from the Japanese food nattō, which is made from fermented soybeans.

Nattokinase has a very strong ability to break down fibrin blood clots 14 and a beneficial effect on blood pressure, and general cardiovascular health has also been described 15. Therefore, supplementation may benefit those carrying the risk ‘C’ allele of T833C who display elevated homocysteine with an increased cardiovascular risk.

SAM-e is both a stabilizer and activator of CBS ¹⁷. Therefore SAM-e supplementation may be beneficial, although care should be taken to not oversaturate an already overloaded pathway as this may lead to further complications.

Vitamin B6 is a co-factor for numerous different enzymes including CBS ¹⁷. While T43067923C’s effects on homocysteine accumulation may result from reduced levels of CBS, supplementing Vitamin B6 will aid the efficiency of the available protein.

Iron forms the central core of the heme molecule, which is a co-factor for numerous enzymes including CBS ¹⁷. While T43067923C’s effects on homocysteine accumulation may result from reduced levels of CBS, supplementing iron will aid the efficiency of the available protein.